Thursday, December 25, 2014
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA
FINLAND- no map!( suomi/suemenniaa- the swampy region of which finland- fenland- is said to be a swedish translation). a grand-duchy ferming an administrative division or govt of russia. disease, typhus, nervous fever, + in dry summers diarrhea. emigration to russia, norway, or USA. mainly ,michigan.
history- it was probably at the end of the 7th or beginning of the 8th c that the finns took possession of what is now finland, though it was only when christianity was introduced around 1157, that they were brought into contact w/ civilized europe. they probablyfound the lapps in possession of the country. the early finlanders do not seem to have had any govt, but to have lived in separate committees + villages independent of each other. their mythology consisted in the deification of the forces of nature as "Ukko", the god of air, "Tapio", the god of the forests, + "ahyi", god of water, etc. brave + troublesome to neighbors, + their repeated attacks on the coast of sweden drew attention of the kings eric IX, accompanied by the bishop of upsala, henry(an englishman it is said) + at the head of a considerable army, invaded the country in 1157, when the people were conquered + baptized. king eric left the bishop w/ his priests + some soldiers to confirm the conquest + complete the conversion. after a time he was killed + canonized + as st henry became patron st of finland, as sweden had to attend to sweden, f was slowly reverting to independence + paganism w/ in 1209 another bishop + missionary, thomas(also english) arrived + began work of st henry. bishop t nearly succeeded in detaching f from sweden, + forming it into a province subject only to the pope. the famous birger jarl undertook a crusade in f in 1249, compelling the tavastians, one of the subdivisions of the f proper, to accept xtianity, + building a castle at javastehus. it was torkel knutson, who conquered + connected the karelian finlanders in 1293, + built the strong castle of wiborg. warwarwar between russia + sweden. in 1323 it was settled that the river rajajoki should be the boundary between russia + f/sw. after the final conquest of f by sw, they spread among the finns their civilization gave them laws, introduced agriculture + other beneficial acts. the reformed religion introduced to f by gustavus vasa, 1528ish + king john III raised it to a grand-duchy. the country suffered during the wars. his predecessor having created a nobility- counts, barons, and nobles, gustavus adolphus early 1600 established the diet of f. comprised of the 4 orders of the nobility, clergy, bourgeois, + peasants. gustavus + his successor did a lot for f''s schools, gymnasia, churches, education + printing. during charles XI(1692-1696) famine + pestilence. around about 60,000 died in 9 months. 1848 bad. peter the great wanted f + tried in 1710. he got keksholm + villmanstand + by 1716 all of f. had time. many died in wars of charles XII blah blah. 1741 swedes try to get it back, but mismanagement + disaster + gave in 1742. 1,788 under gustavus III, whose reign started 1771 gave them laws. latin disappeared + swedish adopted. 7 year war in 1788 under gustavus IV. in 1809 the whole of f + a land islands to russia. the finns fought russia blah blah under alexander II prosperous + progressive.
FINLAND- no map!( suomi/suemenniaa- the swampy region of which finland- fenland- is said to be a swedish translation). a grand-duchy ferming an administrative division or govt of russia. disease, typhus, nervous fever, + in dry summers diarrhea. emigration to russia, norway, or USA. mainly ,michigan.
history- it was probably at the end of the 7th or beginning of the 8th c that the finns took possession of what is now finland, though it was only when christianity was introduced around 1157, that they were brought into contact w/ civilized europe. they probablyfound the lapps in possession of the country. the early finlanders do not seem to have had any govt, but to have lived in separate committees + villages independent of each other. their mythology consisted in the deification of the forces of nature as "Ukko", the god of air, "Tapio", the god of the forests, + "ahyi", god of water, etc. brave + troublesome to neighbors, + their repeated attacks on the coast of sweden drew attention of the kings eric IX, accompanied by the bishop of upsala, henry(an englishman it is said) + at the head of a considerable army, invaded the country in 1157, when the people were conquered + baptized. king eric left the bishop w/ his priests + some soldiers to confirm the conquest + complete the conversion. after a time he was killed + canonized + as st henry became patron st of finland, as sweden had to attend to sweden, f was slowly reverting to independence + paganism w/ in 1209 another bishop + missionary, thomas(also english) arrived + began work of st henry. bishop t nearly succeeded in detaching f from sweden, + forming it into a province subject only to the pope. the famous birger jarl undertook a crusade in f in 1249, compelling the tavastians, one of the subdivisions of the f proper, to accept xtianity, + building a castle at javastehus. it was torkel knutson, who conquered + connected the karelian finlanders in 1293, + built the strong castle of wiborg. warwarwar between russia + sweden. in 1323 it was settled that the river rajajoki should be the boundary between russia + f/sw. after the final conquest of f by sw, they spread among the finns their civilization gave them laws, introduced agriculture + other beneficial acts. the reformed religion introduced to f by gustavus vasa, 1528ish + king john III raised it to a grand-duchy. the country suffered during the wars. his predecessor having created a nobility- counts, barons, and nobles, gustavus adolphus early 1600 established the diet of f. comprised of the 4 orders of the nobility, clergy, bourgeois, + peasants. gustavus + his successor did a lot for f''s schools, gymnasia, churches, education + printing. during charles XI(1692-1696) famine + pestilence. around about 60,000 died in 9 months. 1848 bad. peter the great wanted f + tried in 1710. he got keksholm + villmanstand + by 1716 all of f. had time. many died in wars of charles XII blah blah. 1741 swedes try to get it back, but mismanagement + disaster + gave in 1742. 1,788 under gustavus III, whose reign started 1771 gave them laws. latin disappeared + swedish adopted. 7 year war in 1788 under gustavus IV. in 1809 the whole of f + a land islands to russia. the finns fought russia blah blah under alexander II prosperous + progressive.
